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ECIRC.ZIP
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README.DOC
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1980-01-20
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Electrical Circuit Analysis Using Program ECIRC
ECIRC is a program which has been designed primarily for the numerical and
graphical evaluation of expressions arising in electrical circuit calculations
and linear systems theory, particularly those containing complex quantities. It
is intended to be of assistance mainly to students and teachers of engineering
at university level; the graph plotting and equation solving routines that it
contains will be of help also to students at the upper levels of school
mathematics.
The basis of ECIRC is an Expression Evaluator which, unlike the conventional
complex number calculator, allows the complete formulation of numerical
expressions prior to their evaluation. As well as promoting greater accuracy,
this allows changes in the parameters of a problem to be effected very easily.
Data, expressions, and graphs generated by the program may be printed out or
saved to disk for later recall.
All of the facilities contained within ECIRC are described fully in the context-
sensitive on-line manual, which may be accessed at any time while running the
program by pressing either key H or key F10.
1. Facilities
* Expression evaluator for real and complex numbers (includes trig functions
etc.)
* Impedances of series and parallel elements: resonance and Q-factor
* Star/Delta (T-π) transformation
* Simultaneous equations with real or complex coefficients: mesh/nodal analysis
* Roots of polynomials with real or complex coefficients: Laplace transform
* Graphs of real and complex parameters of a network
* Graphs of real functions: x-y, parametric and polar plots
* Bode diagrams
* Nyquist diagrams
* Argand diagrams: phasors
* Global linking among programs
* On-line manual with examples
2. System Requirements
IBM PC or compatible computer with 512KB of random access memory, and a VGA
colour graphics adapter card if you wish to plot graphs. (Note that a minimal
8088 machine will generally suffice to run most of the facilities available in
ECIRC, but graphing facilities will be available only on machines equipped with
a VGA adapter.)
3 Loading the Program
ECIRC is supplied on one 3.25" floppy disk. Insert the disk in the A or B drive,
as appropriate, and at the prompt type ECIRC then hit [Enter] - the program will
take about 25 seconds to load. The program will run from the floppy drive, but
the on-line help system will be just a little bit slow. Make a directory on your
hard disk if you want faster loading and faster response for the help system;
note, however, that this will not increase the speed at which the program runs.
The first screen visible on loading ECIRC displays a menu of programs which are
selected by means of the left/right cursor keys - try these - or by pressing the
first letter of the desired program name. In this introduction we shall be
concerned with only two of these programs: CALC and DOS(Quit). The latter allows
you to escape from ECIRC and return to the A: (or B) drive of the computer -
simply press DOS then press Enter or key 1.
4. Program CALC: Registers, Numbers and Symbols
With CALC selected press Enter; this takes you into CMPLX. The menu bar is, in
this case, situated along the bottom of the screen. There are nine registers
into which numbers can be entered. To enter a number into a selected register
proceed as follows:
Step 1: Press key E; two arrows now point to Reg#1.
Step 2: Select Cartesian or Polar entry using left/right cursor keys.
Step 3: Select required register by using either:
number keys 1-9 or
up/down cursor keys.
Step 4: Press Enter key (existing contents of selected register will
then be highlighted).
Step 5: Enter Real part at the prompt and press Enter.
Enter Imaginary part at the prompt and press Enter.
(If either real or imaginary parts are zero, press Enter.)
Enter a one- or two-character symbol and press Enter
(If no symbol is required, press Enter.)
Existing contents of registers may deleted or edited using Backspace, Home, End,
Delete, and left/right cursor keys. Use the up cursor key to backtrack to, and
change, a previous entry.
Pressing Esc at any point in the above procedure will return you to the calling
point of the program, leaving the existing register contents unchanged.
5. The Expression Evaluator
Press eValuate to gain access the Expression Evaluator.
Then in the Expression Evaluator, registers may be accessed by pressing the key
combination: Ctrl-Enter.
Type the expression to be evaluated in the expression bar using register numbers
as operands, e.g. to add the contents of Reg#1 to those in Reg#2, type 1+2.
Press Enter twice to direct the result to Reg#9.
6. Example
The following example is taken from the Cambridge University (UK) 1st Year
Engineering course: Linear Circuits and Devices (Examples Paper 2, No 4(c)).
An impedance Z1 is placed in series with two other impedances, Z2 and Z3, which
are connected in parallel. Find the complex impedance and admittance of the
combination if Z1=15+j15.7 Ω; Z2=10+j6.28 Ω; Z3=20-j31.9 Ω.
Solution: Enter the values of the impedances Z1,Z2,Z3 (with symbols Z1,Z2,Z3)
into Reg#1,2,3 respectively. Note that it is not strictly necessary to enter
symbols, but the symbolic expression displayed during evaluation allows of
easier interpretation and aids checking.
To find the impedance of the combination, move to the Evaluator and type into
the expression bar: (2*3)/(2+3)+1 (product-over-sum rule for the parallel
impedances). Direct the result to default Reg#9. To find the admittance edit the
expression to read: R((2*3)/(2+3)+1). (Use Backspace, Delete, Home, End and
cursor keys as necessary to edit expressions.) The 'R' operator finds the
reciprocal of the expression within the brackets. Direct the result to Reg#8.
7 Demonstration Files
The diskette supplied by Granta Electronics contains the demonstration files
listed below.
GLOBAL1: Register data for the simple CR coupling network.
Time constant CR = 0.1 sec; angular frequency w = 10 rad/sec.
To load this file enter [G]lobal from CMPLX, press [L]oad, then press
the F1 function key. Return to CMPLX by pressing [Esc]
TO LOAD THE REGISTERS WITH DATA PRESS [R]estore-[A]ll.
MACROF1: The 'Gain' expression for the CR coupling network
1/(√(1 + (1/wCR)²)) (see Ahmed and Spreadbury pp14-15)
In ECIRC notation this becomes
R(√(#1+(#1/1*2)^#2)) where R is the reciprocal operator.
To Load MACROF1 enter e[V]aluate, press F1 function key, then press
Alt-L key combination.
MACROF2: The 'Phase' expression for the CR coupling network
-arctan(-1/wCR) or 4*AT(4/1*2) in ECIRC notation
To Load MACROF2 enter e[V]aluate, press F2 function key, then press
Alt-L key combination.
Evaluation of these expressions produces the results displayed in
Reg#9 (Gain) and Reg#7 (Phase).
PLTFUNC5: Bode plot of CR network characteristics.
To display this graph return to CMPLX menu, press [P]lot-Graph then
press [B]ode - this takes you into the Bode sub-menu.
Press [L]oad, then press function key F5 to display graph.
PLTPRAM7: Phasor example of section 19 in on-line manual.
Plot of magnitude of current v. angle of V2 (for four values of
resistance R).
To display this graph choose [P]lot-Graph from CMPLX sub-menu
then press X-Y [P]arameters. This takes you into the Function
(parameters) sub-menu. Press [L]oad then F7 function key.
PLTPRAM8: Phasor example of section 19 in on-line manual.
Plot of real part of current v. imaginary part of current as a
function of the angle of V2 (for four values of resistance R).
To display this graph choose [P]lot-Graph from CMPLX sub-menu
then press X-Y [P]arameters. This takes you into the Function
(parameters) sub-menu. Press [L]oad then F8 function key.
PLTFUNC1: Graphs of straight-line and quadratic functions.
For details see file EGRAPH.DOC supplied on diskette.
To display this graph choose [P]lot-Graph from CMPLX sub-menu
then press X-Y [F]unctions. This takes you into the Functions
sub-menu. Press [L]oad then F1 function key.
8. Worksheets and Examples
Users of ECIRC registering their copies will be sent a selection of printed
worksheets which cover the major applications of the program and which provide
examples taken from the examinations of many UK universities (applies to the UK
only). Users in North America and other countries are requested to write for
full details of printed material available.